Modernism Defined

Works Cited

Diamond, Marie Josephine, ed. "realism." Encyclopedia of World Writers, 19th and 20th Centuries. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= GEWW480&SingleRecord=True (accessed June 1, 2011).

McDonald, Olivia M. "U.S. foreign policy." In Schultz, David, ed. Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE52&iPin=EPAPP0377&SingleRecord=True (accessed June 1, 2011).

Werlock, Abby H. P. "modernism." The Facts On File Companion to the American Short Story, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= CASS589&SingleRecord=True (accessed June 1, 2011).

Journal #44: Post-Modernism Movie

Most films can be classified with a Post-Modernism title. It is apparent that various films correlate with common characteristics of the style. The use of political inequalities, religious exploration or prevention, the use of multiple worlds, etc. are all common characteristics within Post-Modernism pieces. In the film industry, it is quite common for a film to correlate with such characteristics.

One of my favorite movies of all time would probably be Garden State. I absolutely love that movie. Not only is the story line just exceptionally great, I believe the soundtrack is probably the best soundtrack I have ever heard. I feel that Garden State is one of the best indie films of all time. Well I may be completely exaggerating but I feel that the film is just dandy. The movie follows Zach Braff, who also wrote and directed the film. In the movie, his character's mother has died. He returns back to his hometown in order to pay respect toward his mother and support his father. His relationship with his parents was greatly scathed since he left. The movie then spirals down into his depression, but in the midst of it all, he meets a wonderful ole lady. That girl is played by Natalie Portman. Following this introduction, they began to spend time together, having comical encounters and falling in love. Her persona completely lightens the film, making it less dark. I believe this is a true representation of Post-Modernism.

Garden State displayed Post-Modernism throughout. The film retained various aspects of the film, allowing for much literary observation. The film has common uses of humor, darkness, drama, and content. Due to this, I believe Garden State is an effective representation of the various aspects found within a Post-Modernism piece. Much like most films of this time, one may find many correlations between the story and Modernism. I really connect with the film, not only because of the writing and soundtrack, but because of the vibe, message, and resolution. I truly believe that Garden State is an adequate and completely effective depiction of Post-Modernism within the film industry.

Modernism Vs. Realism

Modernism is a differing style of writing. It contrasts with that of Realism pieces, due to its ability to effectively convey opposition within literature and art. Opposition, being an adequate description of the altering styles, can only further display Modernism's successful transition from reality to abstract and unrecognizable themes. Following the Realism movement, Modernism grasped itself with such force and opposition. Because of this, it is made apparent that the contrasting style is overall effective in its undeniable attempt to recreate originality and value within the literary community. Further deciphering this style, the structure throughout is more raw, spontaneous, and charged by secular themes. As in secular themes, one may compare this to Modernism's opposition toward religion. It does not use religion as a supreme source, although it is often involved within these pieces. Art, being a contrasting subject or medium as well, was characterized by abstract lines and contrasting strokes. Many authors and artists were stifled by resenting supporters who did not respect the idea of Modernism. Modernism represents originality and creativity. It is one of the few styles which uses one's representational thoughts to create an effective piece. It defies structure and tradition. Because of this quality, Realism cannot retain much similarities between the opposing style, Modernism.

According to Michael Plante in the article "Modernism," the contrasting style of Modernism stresses "newness" and "innovation." This correlates with the idea of opposition. Opposition, in this case, would undoubtedly refer to the opposition of tradition and the conservation of morality and religion. Plante believes that Modernism was "dominant" between 1890 and roughly 1945 (Plante). With this said, many conservative supporters did not find such positive correlation with the new style. They believed it represented a division or split from Realism and its traditional style. Realism did not retain the use of "innovation" or strong creativity (Plante). After much observation, it is made apparent that Modernism only further displays the liveliness and originality that Realism lacked.

Modernism emerged as a prominent source of writing in the late 1800's (Plante). It originated in France, though it was quickly submerged in English and American writing. Modernists writers such as T.S. Elliot, James Joyce, and J.D. Salinger used the style as an effective alternative to Realism (Plante). They evoked such ideas and actions as would the avant-garde. This would refer to the arousal of such creative ideas and innovations as displayed in Modernism. After being recognized for its differing style, it is made clear that Modernism retains the use of originality to effectively convey its prominence.

Realism is a style of writing based upon tradition and the conservation of religious and moral themes; opposing this would be the once recently refined style of Modernism. Modernism conveys creativity and innovation. As stated by Michael Plante, Modernism stressed such "innovation" and "newness." Clearly depicted within literary pieces, Modernism uses much examples of this with authors such as J.D. Salinger and T.S. Elliot. Salinger prevented the use of religion with his critically acclaimed novel, The Catcher in the Rye. The controversial novel displayed no religious resolutions, only the depiction of two charitable nuns. Without this resolution, it was made apparent that Modernism and a secular formation of words may relieve the previous style, Realism. Its success only further retains prominence and praise throughout the altering society and literary community.

Plante, Michael. "Modernism." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 3 May 2011.

Job Shadowing Reflection

Yesterday, Thursday March 31, I job shadowed a graphic design business, Canham Graphics. Canham Graphics, headed by Bill and Doug Canham, is a sign, vinyl, and car graphics business. They often do business with various companies in need of a unique sign or logo. Although they specialize in this area, they also work on graphics for cars, such as vinyl stripes, pinstripes, window art, etc. Bill and Doug adequately displayed their job with honesty and originality. The experience, misleading in a positive and negative way, allowed me to understand the business and formulate an opinion on the graphic design industry.

When I arrived, I was skeptical of the performance or expectations that Bill and Doug had. Bill showed me various software programs and ideas for upcoming projects. He also allowed me to understand the significance of the sign industry and how it does not thrive in a poor economy. Although it was made clear that their specific job was not the choice for me, it still allowed me to evoke an interest in a broader career choice.

After much sitting around, we were finally informed of a project that needed to be done on that particular day. A customer of Isringhausen was to bring in his 2007 Porsche 911. Me being quite the car enthusiast, I pretty much flipped at the idea of this. The car was black with green accents. I did not like the green accents whatsoever but the car was quite attractive. The customer wanted one green stripe going across the surface of the passenger side. The customer wanted a green vinyl stripe, as opposed to a painted stripe itself. This confused everyone, but they did the job anyway. Once completed, Doug asked if either of us wanted to drive it back into the parking lot. I was able to drive it and I pretty much freaked out. It was amazing!

Because of the rush of projects that needed to be done, we did not get to do that many hands on tasks. We saw vinyl being placed on a motor home and we also got to cut out vinyl designs. The software was interesting as well. Although I quite enjoyed the experience, I would have enjoyed something with a little more art and design involved. Possibly a graphic designer who did advertisements would be a little more fitted to my expectations. After everything, I am glad I was able to shadow something in that field of work. It was interesting and allowed me to better decide on my career choice in the near future.

Journal #42: Whitman or Dickinson

I am not necessarily a large supporter of either Emily Dickinson nor Walt Whitman. I find their poetry almost completely dry and somewhat overdone. I feel that each poet used excessive language and structure to identify themselves as a radical inhabitant in this society. It is almost comical how elaborate the language and themes Whitman seems partake in. Because of this, I can only show some more respect for Emily Dickinson and her literary career. I feel that her ability to remain isolated in her career has left her with much commence. Due to the isolation and seclusion, she did not stifle readers with constant pieces, contributing to a dilapidated literary community. After much thought, I believe that I can only agree with Dickinson's work more. Although her language can be confusing and dry, I feel that her work is much more respectable then that of Whitman's pieces.

Whitman often uses sexual appeal to relate or connect with his readers. His pieces often speak of love and sex. Although many authors incorporate this content in their literary pieces, Whitman exasperates it, often confusing or misleading the unaware reader. By this strong content to surface, some traditional audiences may disregard his literary work, feeling that his content is too inappropriate for modern development within the literature community. Although Whitman's work can be found quite unappealing, his prominence has established much significance in the developing literary period.

Dickinson, opposing most of Whitman's pieces, did not label her literary work as a specific genre or category. Because of this, I have more respect and support for Dickinson's work. Her work has established much prominence and notability within the community. Dickinson's pieces retained more Realism, as opposed to Whitman's work, which used qualities from various subcategories of literature. Her work, left unpublished until a later period, often spoke of nature and the differing species inhabiting it. Because Dickinson's work reveals detail, thought, and validity, I can only support her pieces furthermore.

Mark Twain- "Two Views of the River"

"Two Views of the River" is a small excerpt composed by Mark Twain. Twain effectively captures the element of cohesive detail, often found within Realism literature, as well as a prominent display of human nature and realistic habits. Though simplistic and short, Twain composes the excerpt with a large amount of detail and descriptions, which illustrated his relationship with the river and the steamboats (Twain). He adequately explains how once, he had a strong desire to be where he is now, but now that he is here, he cannot help but ignore the beauty of the river and analyze everything pessimistically (Twain). This illustrates the typical manner in which people want what they cannot have. These two outlooks and attitudes are found so often within human nature, and Twain presents them in a very talented way with his descriptions and use of nature as an analogy.

Nature itself is a characteristic of Realism, and the mixture of Twain's description is strong, formulating details which combine two Realist traits (Campbell). The use of nature to convey themes of human nature, and Twain's emotions and thought processes are also traits of Realism - characters of Realism are usually in explicable relation to nature (Campbell).

Twain also presents himself as a member of the middle-class, which is another correlating factor of Realism (Campbell). Later on, he formulates a comparison to a doctor, another middle-class position, to stress his dismay at the way that people lose the ability to value beauty and similar things (Twain).

In Twain's ability to present an intended idea or lesson through aspects of Realism, he presents a large amount of values and morals in the formation of heroism. The hero of his writing isn't a direct character, but rather the emphasis he stresses on preserving the gratitude and value for which humans place on things in life, especially nature. This hero is also a form of the American Dream, or at least Twain's version of it.

Campbell, Donna M. "Realism in American Literature, 1860-1890." Literary Movements. Dept. of English, Washington State University. 21 Mar 2010. Web. 26 Jan 2011.

Twain, Mark. "Two Views of the River." Glencoe Literature. Comp. Jeffrey Wilhelm. American Literature ed. Columbus; McGraw-Hill, 2010. 504-505. Print.

"Spoon River Anthology"

"The Spoon River Anthology" is quite extensive, but adequately provides various examples of Realism, especially considering the fact that it is a diverse collection of poems from the "dead." These photos reference historical, social, and cultural aspects of the United States. Although it is quite known for being creative, there are aspects dispersed throughout that give it certain characteristics of Realism. Ultimately, it is labeled in Realism because it undoubtedly collects relates to various aspects of American society and reality, all while presenting them to the reader in a simplistic and poetic structure (Campbell).

In the excerpt "Hod Putt," the poet establishes the lives of two dead individuals, one were hung for theft and murder (Masters). This an adequate example of the minor historical aspects dispersed throughout the poems of "Spoon River Anthology." It seems provide examples of how poems focus on characters, usually neighboring corpses, and therefore displaying the aspect of Realism; placing emphasis on characters above everything else (Campbell).

Most of these characters appear to be member of the middle class, which is again, another common theme of Realism (Campbell). The characters tell their tales in the poems through first person and with their natural vernacular and diction, adding more to the effects of Realism (Campbell). The lines of the poem from "Isa Nutter" show some of the natural vernacular - "Right up to the day I sneaked up to Peoria, and married Minnie in spite of them, and why do yo wonder my will was made for the best and purest of women?" (Masters "Isa").

Because of the vast amount of diverse characters who "compose" the poetry, there are many different outlooks into personalities and human nature. An example of this is the poem from "Fiddler Jones". In this poem, a man tells us about his life where his true passion lied in music and fiddling rather than tilling and plowing his land (Masters). He ends up with a broken fiddle, but says he has no regrets (Masters). This is very revealing of human nature because it shows that you should pursue your real passion, and enjoy life that way. It also reveals that everyone is different and their interests are diverse. Similarlily, the collection of these poems is interesting because they portray the different roles that make up the society and culture of the people in Spoon River, and in doing so portray more Realism (Diamond). There are many different types of people; one can see this even by just glancing at some of the names of poems through out the analogy such as "Doc Hill," "Andy the Night-Watch," "Theodore the Poet," "Sexsmith the Dentist," and "Penniwit the Artist" (Masters). Collectively, these are composed as a very lengthy, but creative and effective work of literature that depict a sufficient amount about Realism through beautiful free verses. It is clear to observe the diversities that lie in American culture by looking at some of the individual writings by the "poets".

Campbell, Donna M. "Realism in American Literature, 1860-1890." Literary Movements. Dept. of English, Washington State University. 21 Mar 2010. Web. 26 Jan 2011.

Diamond, Marie Josephine, ed. "realism." Encyclopedia of World Writers, 19th and 20th Centuries. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2003. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= GEWW480&SingleRecord=True (accessed February 16, 2011).

Masters, Edgar Lee. "Fiddler Jones." Spoon River Anthology. Bartleby: Great Books Online. 2011. Online. http://www.bartleby.com/84/index.html. February 15, 2011.

Masters, Edgar Lee. "Hod Putt." Spoon River Anthology. Bartleby: Great Books Online. 2011. Online. http://www.bartleby.com/84/index.html. February 15, 2011.

Masters, Edgar Lee. "Isa Nutter." Spoon River Anthology. Bartleby: Great Books Online. 2011. Online. http://www.bartleby.com/84/index.html. February 15, 2011.

Masters, Edgar L. ""Spoon River Anthology" (or Excerpts From)." American Literature. Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Douglas Fisher, Beverly A. Chin, and Jacqueline J. Royster. Columbus: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2009. 514-17. Print.

Chief Joseph "I Will Fight No More Forever"

“I Will Fight No More” by Chief Joseph is an effective contribution to the always developing literary community. At this time, Realism sustained much prominence, using effective language, structure, and factual material to convey its particular point; therefore, Realism can be found not only in a written formation but possibly a speech, statement, or dialogue between individuals. The piece displays Realism through various aspects. Joseph's style is simplistic and monotonous, also correlating with the idea of Realism. There is still strong emotion and descriptions that determine the overall theme. Although it using much emotion, it lacks originality and establishes itself as a more redundant and monotonous piece. The statement does not contain extra information which make it artistic or flowing. The statement, focus on the more humanistic side of a Native American. He is portrayed as a common character that is mourning the death of his fellow Chiefs. The character wants to remain neutral, simplified, and peaceful. These characteristics determine the piece as a realistic and specified source of literature.

The speech is composed in a very simplistic style, however, the words that Joseph choose to use are picked very carefully to illustrate a more specific picture of the ongoing turmoil and agony being described. He is direct and outright, and this conveys the message directly to the listener or reader without any confusion. "I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever" (Joseph). This statement can be easily inferred or picked apart, due to its simplicity and subject matter. The deaths of those around have overwhelmed his heart and fatigued him, therefore, he cannot and will not undergo anymore fights. The last lines are very prominent and evident because they display a rare quality of bravery. A strong, yet effectively brave individual must be used to admit defeat in a direct way that will test whatever horrible consequences await him or her. From a historical perspective, readers obtain the knowledge that that Chief Joseph was of the Nez Perce Indians, and these Indians had originally been ordered off their own lands in Oregon (McCloskey). Joseph agreed at first, but had to lead his group away from the pursue of white settlers after some tribe members killed some of the white settlers (McCloskey). Some people may say that giving up shows fear and cowardice, but from Joseph's words, we know that he a very wise man, and is choosing his actions carefully to avoid any more deaths of his people. Given this background, this gives this speech a unique form of Realism. It is from a different perspective opposed to the usual viewpoints. So far, a lot of these Realism stories have been from the viewpoints of white Americans or African Americans, but this one gives a look into the Indian culture and their troubled past. He depicts the perspective of Indians as they truly are, therefore, depicting Realism in a successful and undoubtedly effective style (Campbell).

Campbell, Donna M. "Realism in American Literature, 1860-1890." Literary Movements. Dept. of English, Washington State University. 21 Mar 2010. Web. 26 Jan 2011.

Joseph, Chief. "I Will Fight No More." Glencoe American Literature. comp. Wilhelm, Jeffery. McGraw Hill. Columbus, OH. 2009. 533. Print.

McCloskey, Mary Lou. "Surrender Speech of Chief Joseph". 15 Feb 2011. .

Edwin Arlington Robinson "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy"

"Miniver Cheevy" and "Richard Cory" are two effective poems composed by Edwin Arlington Robinson. Robinson's two pieces can adequately formulate a strong relation to the famous literary genre, Realism. Realism, being a genre composed of factual material and ideals, often found prominence in literature within this period. Realism was not just subjected to writing, though. Realism often found itself in music and art. Because of this, the genre cannot be narrowed to a specific theme or idea solely determined by literature. Putting this aside, though, Robinson's piece used much evidence from this evident genre. Also correlating with Realism, Robinson's characters in each of these poems seem to relate to a more average or common person, as opposed to the "hero" defined in other genres of literature. Due to this quality, readers of these two poems can connect or relate to these characters much more than opposing characters in contrasting genres of literature. Because Robinson retains the use of simplicity, yet structure through these two pieces, an audience is much easier to define. With these aspects of the poems, a reader may continue to relate to Robinson's literary work and its intentions.

Throughout the literary piece, it is evident that it heavily correlates with the genre of Realism. The poems are set with average characters, using common aspects of society and simplicity. Characters such as these can heavily relate to the everyday readers who enjoy these pieces (Robinson). Because of this aspect, Robinson obtains the support and audience deserved due to his ability to compose factual characters and story-lines. One of the most common characteristics among literature in the genre of Realism would be the composition of factual characters, using average and simplistic ideals to represent the story. Most often, the character is an average, middle-class person instead of an extraordinary hero. Fortunately Robinson retains these characters in his literary pieces (Robinson). This is relative to the idea of Realism and all of its subgenres. Besides the obvious point of the character, Richard Cory, and his undeniable wealth (Robinson). Besides this difference in the characteristics of the protagonist, both are common characters, using their simplicity and originality to define Realism and all of its intentions.

There are many characteristics of Realism literature used in Edwin Arlington Robinson’s two poems, “Richard Cory” and “Miniver Cheevy.” The major aspects of Realism consist of simplistic writing and a psychological focus on the protagonist, who is most commonly an average, middle-class character. The common similarities between each character is that there is a lack of religion and that it may be what caused the demise of each character. These characteristics can be seen in both of these poems, which are adequate examples of Realism in the literary community.

Robinson, Edwin Arlington. "Richard Cory." Glencoe American Literature. comp. Wilhelm, Jeffery. McGraw Hill. Columbus, OH. 2009. pg. 575.

Robinson, Edwin Arlington. "Miniver Cheevy." Glencoe American Literature. comp. Wilhelm, Jeffery. McGraw Hill. Columbus, OH. 2009. pg. 576.

Jack London "To Build a Fire"

Jack London composed the short story, "To Build a Fire," which correlated with Naturalism. Naturalism consists of scientific reasoning, which is relative to this piece in particular. This genre of Realism, often compared to as well, draws much attention onto nature and humanity. Humanity, being quite the broad subject, can be specified as a social interaction or behavior for this particular point. London's literary piece features a man with his loyal and trustworthy Huskie dog. These two characters set about into the wilderness of Alaska. The temperature remained as a large issue in the piece. Due to this particular predicament, the story foreshadows a survival guide, incorporating the use of human instincts. With the use of humanistic instincts and interactions, one can presume a correlation between London's piece and Naturalism. An adequate example of this lies in the introduction of the piece; the title of the story. The title of the piece allows readers to formulate an idea or theme of this piece, incorporating various aspects of Naturalism throughout. Because of the human nature displayed in this piece, characteristics relative to Naturalism are discovered. "To Build a Fire" adequately displays Naturalism in a sense of survival, nature, and human instinct. Because of this, one may retain the theme and idea of the story itself.

It is strongly presumed that the protagonist of the story is unaware and inexperienced in his abilities out in the wilderness (London). He searches for gold, ignoring any dangerous actions or signs. The most important sign the protagonist seems to disregard would be that of the temperature and weather. The inexperienced protagonist continues to disregard any strong or main signs of absolute danger (London). Again, right from the beginning, the reader may imply that the man will have to endure some sort of instinctual struggle with nature. As the story progresses, nature does not do anything drastic against the man and his dog, but it simply sustains its conditions to where the man is not concerned about his initial intentions-gold (London). The undeniable conflict and struggle of "man vs. nature" heavily occurs throughout London's literary piece. Although this is directed with nature, it does not correlate with Naturalism itself. Naturalism involves the viewing of human beings from a mutual, yet neutral and scientific standpoint (Werlock). Naturalism's role in the story is bringing out the man and his dog's instincts to where he is almost not properly functioning as a human anymore. This allows the protagonist to obtain the role of a more animalistic perspective, retaining survival as a natural occurrence. Naturalism, in itself, is based heavily upon Darwin's ideals, and London's story undoubtedly conveys his survival theory (Werlock). The main issue is not that of competition to survive, but more of the force and subjection to undergo this undeniably agonizing predicament (London). London's literary piece heavily relates to the idea of survival and one's limits in terms of nature and instinct. This can test the boundaries of those who cannot define these aspects easily. Naturalism, being a subgenre of Realism, can depict a scientifically charged approach to the literary community. Because of "To Build a Fire's" heavy use of science and factual material, one may adequately define it as a Naturalistic piece. Because of this, London's survival tale can effectively display the use of Naturalism and human instinct.

London, Jack. "To Build a Fire." American Literature. Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm. Columbus: McGraw Hill, 2009. 601-614. Print.

Werlock, Abby H. P. "naturalism." The Facts On File Companion to the American Short Story, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= Gamshrtsty0501&SingleRecord=True (accessed February 15, 2011).

Journal #41: DIckinson "A Wounded Deer Leaps Highest"

Emily Dickinson composed "A Wounded Deer Leaps Highest," which speaks of experience in relation to a deer and various other aspects throughout the poem (Dickinson). She uses multiple concepts to convey the overall theme. With this structure, she uses much more support as opposed to another poem which lacks that. Her use of rocks, deer, and "trampled steel" are adequate examples of these aspects that were previously described (Dickinson). Because of Dickinson's effective language and style, a basis of relative and inspirational writing is established. A catalyst for the remainder of the poem, "A wounded deer leaps highest," the first line and title of the piece, conveys the theme. This single line depicts the purpose and idea of the piece itself, the remaining pieces of the poem only further support this theme.


"The smitten rock that gushes,
The trampled steel that springs:
A cheek is always redder
Just where the hectic stings!" (Dickinson)

This stanza in the poem allows for much support, as described earlier in the previous paragraph. Dickinson uses a rock and "trampled steel" to depict this overall piece (Dickinson). When referring to smitten, Dickinson is speaking of the density or roughness of the rock. When it "gushes," it is retaining a developed or established new density; possibly correlating with the poems initial line, "a wounded deer leaps highest" (Dickinson). Throughout this stanza, many aspects seem to convey the overall theme Dickinson is speaking of. Her intentions, I believe, are to describe human nature and recovery. The second line in this stanza also refers to experience or development. Possibly the idea of trampled steel "springing" can correlate with the idea of motivation and one's ability to recover against an illness, pain, or emotional disturbance. I believe Dickinson is effectively speaking of humanity or homeostasis throughout this literary piece. Her constant development on the idea of experience is consistently tested throughout the poem. Because of this, much support, understanding, and persuasion can be retained from "A Wounded Deer Leaps Highest."

Dickinson, Emily. "A Wounded Deer Leaps Highest." Bartleby. Online. March 22, 2011. http://www.bartleby.com/113/1008.html

Journal #38: "As I Watch'd the Ploughman Ploughing"

This poem of Whitman's is mainly a mixed composition of "every-man" figures and Christianity symbolism. These establish a sort of holy trio through the common laborer roles, and delve into an allegory of life and death. It's pretty obvious how the poem deals with the "every man" concept. The poem deals with a harvester, sower, and ploughman. It doesn't take much more than common knowledge to know that these are three hard laborer roles. Therefore, they represent the middle class and common laboring habits of the people of Whitman's era. Going deeper into the symbolism of the poem brings out the Christianity aspects of it. Notice that the ploughman plows all the crops, taking them away for good. This represents death or God's ability to end lives. The sower sows, or plants seeds in the land. This represents birth, or the soul. The harvester harvests the crops out of the land, and once again, this represents death. Together, these three characters represent the Holy Spirit, God, and Jesus. Alongside this, the poem also represents the circle of life in general. The sower represents the power of birth by planting seeds, the harvester represents life, by taking crops and giving it to others, and the ploughman represents death by completely harvesting all the crops. By demonstrating the circular habits of farming and etc., Whitman also portrays the circle of life through these every man techniques and Christianity. This is pretty impressive considering the poem is an entire four lines. It's about thirty something words, and by just using three roles and a very brief statement involving life and death, Whitman manages to cram all this stuff involving Christan symbolism, life and death, and the circle of life into it. It probably goes even deeper than that, but I'm not going to further elaborate on that subject. This is initially the central theme and exploration of Whitman's poem, and therefore the most important. Ultimately, the poem demonstrates Whitman's ability to mix interesting every man concepts and heavy symbolism.

Whitman and "Self" Reflection

Whitman’s poems have defined various trials and developments in the literary community. His somewhat controversial language has left him with an arguable basis. Although he is not thoroughly respected by many, critical review, such as Harold Bloom, feel otherwise. In an article, Bloom on Walt Whitman, Bloom displays his respect toward the prominent author (Bloom). Bloom states in the introduction paragraph, “For many years now I have been expanding my contention that Walt Whitman remains the most eminent author nurtured in the Western Hemisphere, in the four hundred years since European languages first invaded the shores of the Americas” (Bloom). Bloom then goes on to speak about Whitman’s prominence throughout the literary community. He commends Whitman for his developing abilities throughout this particular period. Although Whitman’s work can be highly regarded, his themes can be considered somewhat controversial within themselves.

In an effort to discover one’s self, Whitman used various poems. Poems such as: “O Captain, My Captain, One Song, America, Before I go, As I watch’d the Ploughman Ploughing, and Myself and Mine.” With these poems, an adequate depiction of self discovery and Whitman’s influential work can be highly displayed. Whitman used repetitive, yet sufficient language to obtain his audience. Whitman commonly used cliché language in his writing. Although this is set typically as a negative aspect of one’s writing, Whitman was effective in his ability to capture his audience and display his intentions throughout his literary pieces.

In the poem “O Captain, My Captain,” Whitman uses much evidence of death in relation to the sea and ships (Whitman). His metaphorical composition allows for entertainment, as opposed to a literary piece based upon death itself. This correlates with Realism and the ability to compose factual information into a singular piece. Although this particular piece may not be based upon factual information, the language allows the reader to retain an adequate depiction of death, Realism, and one’s ability to care for another. “O Captain, My Captain” displays Whitman’s prominence in the literary community. He uses effective structure and language to successfully obtain an audience (Whitman). This poem itself is a significant example of Whitman’s excellent qualities as a writer. With his ability to write in a successful manner, Whitman is able to correlate with Harold Bloom’s interpretation of the author. Because of this quality, Whitman can be further examined as an adequate author and figure.

Whitman uses the ideology of self and religion to display his work. In the poem "O Captain, My Captain," Whitman speaks about Abraham Lincoln and his assassination (Whitman). Thoughts about his death and his outlasting impact on the United States is heavily revealed. With this, Whitman uses the relation of ships, the sea, and nautical themes to persuade his audience on the relevance of Lincoln throughout the reforming times (Whitman). Whitman speaks about the United States throughout this entire poem. Because of his relation to nautical themes, readers may gain an adequate interpretation of Lincoln's success and overall relevance in History.

According to the theory of self, religious empowerment relies in one's self. The idea that a higher power inhabits oneself is that of a more opinionated theory. Because of this opinionated theory, a reader opposed to the idea of religion may feel inept in his or her interpretation of self. Much knowledge of religion is not heavily displayed throughout poems such as "O Captain, My Captain," but the poem "As I Watch'd the Ploughman Ploughing" depict this ideology of religion (Whitman). The poem speaks about life and death, as in relation to Jesus Christ and the Crucifixion (Whitman). By allowing this material to inhabit his work, Whitman brought about much support but allowed for much criticism throughout. After much thought, the poem can depict an everlasting quality in relation to religion. A further depiction of one's religious abilities and qualities can be further evaluated upon knowledge of Whitman's literary pieces.

Throughout Whitman's work, he continuously displays a cohesive amount religion, Realism, and symbolic relations to entertain his readers. Although he faced some controversy with his subject matter, his ability to sufficiently depict or elaborate upon factual material allows for much recognition. Whitman's prominence in the literary community allowed for an adequate example of religion, self, and actuality within various pieces. Whitman's undeniable contribution to the literary community will allow for further improvement throughout.

Bloom, Harold. "Bloom on Walt Whitman." In Bloom, Harold, ed. Walt Whitman, Classic Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2007. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= CCVWaW001&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 1, 2011).

Whitman, Walt. "As I Watch'd the Ploughman Ploughing". Leaves of Grass. 1900. Print.

Whitman, Walt. "O Captain! My Captain!". Leaves of Grass. 1900. Print.

Journal #36: Vivid Description of Favorie Meal

I have a lot of favorite foods. I really like pizza and sometimes Mexican food, but my favorite food is probably anything Italian. Italian food is unbelievably good. I really enjoy pizza and what not. I would probably say that Chicago style pizza is the best kind of all. Deep dish is pretty good. I pretty much love any Chicago style. Rosatti's, Gino's, Ats-A-Nice, etc. are probably the best. Actually, just writing about this is making me think of pizza. It's so good. I may just have to buy some pizza later. It is a total possibility.

I do not know how to continue to write about food. I like Mexican food, although I cannot have the majority of it. I used to love fake Mexican, such as Taco Bell. Overtime though, I have received food poisoning and found an ant in my food. That is probably the most disgusting thing ever. I do not enjoy it whatsoever, therefore, I have began to keep my distance from that unhealthy establishment. I also hate the service with a passion. They are extremely rude. I mean I continue to show a lot of respect toward those who are in the industry do to the disrespect that they are given. Because of this, I cannot act in a rude way to the employees, regardless of the horrible service I get.

When I used to eat meat, I quite enjoyed eating this Cincinnati dish, Ghetta. It is probably the best thing I have ever had. To my knowledge, it is sausage, oats, and spices. I think there is something like basil or other spices in it, but it is actually amazing. I was very surprised that I liked it so much. I believe that is probably my favorite thing to eat, but I unfortunately cannot eat it anymore. This is quite the shame that I cannot ingest it anymore. I truly miss it, but I do not really care that much. I imagine that is the one food that could possibly temp mem to eat meat again.

Journal #35: Being a Reporter

I do not know if I would ever be in a situation to be a reporter in a war. I do not think I would like it that much. I do feel a sense of pride in my country when I think about a past war, though. This is probably due to the idea of freedom and sacrifice in our country. There is something about World War II and Vietnam that greatly appeal to me. It retains a prideful and respectful quality to it. I greatly respect those who lost their lives for their country. Because of this, I will speak about being a reporter in World War II. I believe it is quite commendable to be a war-time hero. These noble soldiers sacrificed their lives for the idea and privilege of freedom. Because of this, I retain much respect for these soldiers. I am thankful for the country in which I inhabit when I think of this nobility. Although I highly respect it, I cannot feel the same toward the contemporary society and its militant stature.

As a reporter, I would be sure to write about the actions and efforts made by the United States army. Possibly updates on the setting, interactions, weather, etc. will be revealed. I believe anything written would be on a narrative basis. I feel that this is more appropriate and entertaining for the audience. I believe many would follow more intently due to the style of writing. I would be sure to include the names of the ones I associated with, therefore no name will be forgotten. I believe all involved in this war should be commended for their great efforts. I would write about the valiant actions many partook in. I would also try and witness the efforts first hand. With an accurate first hand approach, I may respectably speak about the global war. I feel that World War II retains much prominence and if accurately depicted, can continue to remain prideful and respected. Because of this, I would undoubtedly choose to report during World War II.

"Letter to his Family"

Robert E. Lee, being quite the prominent figure in the history of the United States, used his stature as the basis for this particular piece. Lee was a significant structure for the Confederate Army. Prior to the war, he suffered much sorrow, but putting this aside, Lee was well educated in his position. Being logical in militant actions, Lee used his knowledge to try and obtain success in the Civil War. His strong abilities in relation to military actions allowed for quick promotion and success. After much time though, Lee faced defeat as a common occurrence in the war. Although the South eventually suffered defeat, Lee tried to remain positive in his cause. "Letter to his Family" refers to the discovered letters addressed to Lee's family (Lee). Lee spoke about the situation the United States was subjected to. Lee did not agree with the condition in which the United States was currently in.

Realism is also highly retained in this literary piece. He uses strong emotion to convey his point about the United States and its condition during the date the piece was written. Because of this strong emotion, Realism is highly defined in this piece. Lee establishes a strong personality throughout the entire piece. The piece does not reflect any other subcategory of Realism. It does not retain characteristics of Naturalism because it does not speak about scientific theorizing or information based upon scientific content. The piece also does not relate to Regionalism because it does not speak about a particular region. Lee speaks about the United States as a whole, but does not have the correlating usage or content to relate to Regionalism. Unlike other authors who use Regionalism, Lee's piece is not of a particular novel, story, etc. The piece uses more factual knowledge, disregarding a specified amount of dialect or regional themes. Lee commonly spoke about the condition of the United States and the political aspects of the nation. Lee speaks about the dilapidation of the government in the nation if the North and South were to begin a catastrophic war. Because of this, evidence based upon Lee's belief and neutrality is revealed. Although Lee was not neutral by any means, he disagreed with the common belief of war or division in the United States. This correlates with Abraham Lincoln's belief that we shall refer back to our original state; an original state that was placed together by the Founding Fathers (Lincoln). Although these two men spoke and supported different causes, they used their initial respect toward the establishment of the nation to find middle ground. Their pieces occur in different periods of time, but they both retain prominence when contrasting the dispute between the North and the South. Because of this, readers may have a definitive perception of the United States. When a reader observes Lee's excerpt, they may see his belief that the United States was in a crumbling situation. Lincoln's speech may be retained in a similar way, besides his ability to pay much respect to the Founding Fathers and the one's who sacrificed themselves for freedom (Lincoln).

Lee, Robert E. "Letter to His Family." American Literature. Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Douglas Fisher, Beverly A. Chin, and Jacqueline J. Royster. Columbus: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2009. 382-85. Print.

Lincoln, Abraham. from "Second Inaugural Address." Glencoe American Literature. comp. Wilhelm, Jeffery. McGraw Hill. Columbus, OH. 2009. pg 339.

"And Ain‘t I a Woman?"

Sojourner Truth, highly regarded for her work as an early African American feminist, used her undeniable knowledge, ability to effectively speak, and use of support to adequately improve a female's life in society. Truth paved the way for future feminists, using her position in society to her advantage. Often disregarded for their ethnicity and gender, African American females did not have a stern voice in relation to the issue of slavery. Often, many would deny these women of their ideals, disregarding any logical intentions or topics described. I feel that Truth used her successful qualities to better society. Slavery, which remains controversial in the modern age, was lightly brushed upon before the Civil War. Although this was inevitably abolished, slavery had caused many moral issues among Americans. Southern supporters and politicians were looked down upon for their moral choices. Although this is questioning an inhumane topic, many southerners lost their reputation or way of life due to this moral issue.

Within Truth's speech, she would often bring about various topics that established a Realist approach toward society. Her content displayed the life of a slave, highly disregarded in this period. Because of many's inability to listen to a slave, Truth did not have much support going into this. In her speech, she speaks about a woman's placement in society. Her perception of a standard woman is traditional. She feels that woman cannot subject themselves to hard labor (Truth). By saying this, she is creating an overall perception or stereotype of women. Regardless of her belief of a standard woman, she continues to speak about her personal perspective of herself and a deserved woman. She, personally, believes that she is a hard working individual who is completely familiar with labor and a hard living. By bringing this up, she is creating another perception of female slaves. This will greatly improve her stance, due to her ability to compete with men of this time period. Because she speaks about women in contrast with men, various readers may gain a new-found respect for the feminist. Her undeniable contribution has left her much praise, which is well deserved due to her subjection in society. In her speech, she refers to her inability to receive the various amenities in society (Truth). Although she speaks about this, her inability to receive these has greatly displayed her selflessness. Her intentions involve the improvement of others, not herself. Because of this, she can put much focus on women's rights. In opposition to the standard women that Truth was describing, an African American slave is believed to retain more praise, respect, and possibly support- once a reputation is established. Truth used her placement to greatly alter society. Her work defines Realism, correlating with various characteristics of the style. Truth can be described as a hero, due to her effective language and factual content. She paved the way for female rights, establishing herself as a fair example or source in the altering society. Her speech adequately displays nobility and logical ideals. Throughout the piece, evidence linking her to a Realist piece are revealed.

Truth, Sojourner. Glencoe Literature. Comp. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Douglas Fisher, Beverly A. Chin, and Jacqueline J. Royster. Columbus: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2009. 368-70. Print.

"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot," "Go Down, Moses," "Keep Your Hand on the Plow"

"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" offers an adequate example of realism. The literary piece is a spiritually inclined piece, using various symbolic answers to convey its message. When comparing the categories of Realism, I feel that "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" coexists with a more Regionalism style of writing. I say this because of the pieces many references to "home" (Wilhelm, et al). With the heavy use of repetition, "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" adequately conveys its purpose with the use of Realism. Because it does not have definitive examples of factual actions, characters, or settings, it retains a Realist style due to its ability to effectively use the setting as a prominent theme throughout the literary piece. Although its repetition seems to eliminate much content, "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" is a fair example of Realism; Regionalism in particular.

In "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot," the anonymous author speaks about "home" in much repetition (Wilhelm, et al). In the following line, readers may inherit this repetitive, yet effective style which is found in the piece:

"Swing low, sweet chariot. Coming for to carry me home, Swing low, sweet chariot, Coming for to carry me home...If I get there before you do,
(Coming for to carry me home)I'll cut a hole and pull you through.(Coming for to carry me home)" (Wilhelm, et al)

In this divided excerpt, readers may effectively obtain the knowledge of Regionalism in this piece. The line, "coming for to carry me home," is a common piece used throughout the entire song (Wilhelm, et al). Because of this, Realism and its subcategory are successfully displayed among the literary piece. Although its repetition creates some redundancy throughout, the song continues to convey its message in a commendable approach.

"Go Down, Moses" is yet another example of Realism. Although this briefly mentions a particular region, the piece is a strong example of Realism (Wilhelm, et al). The piece touches upon various topics, such as slavery and religion. Moses, referring to the biblical figure, retains much praise by the author of this particular piece. Because of this, the piece cannot necessarily coexist with the ideas or basis of Naturalism. Therefore, "Go Down, Moses" correlates with Realism. Another characteristic of the piece that is touched upon would be a hero. Moses can be seen as a biblical hero for the author of this piece. By allowing a spiritual hero to enter, the author created a contrasting style, as opposed to a more Realist style. Despite this factor, the piece retains much factual content, rather than a spiritual or romanticized connection. Throughout its entirety, the piece uses effective language and corresponding content to coexist with "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" and "Keep your Hand on the Plow."

"Keep your Hand on the Plow" effectively conveys a life unfortunately stifled by slavery. Among these three pieces, "Keep your Hand on the Plow" is the most regionally driven song, using much examples of Southern simplicity and dialect. Due to the song's broken dialect, success in relation to Regionalism is established. Regionalism, being a subcategory of Realism, uses common characteristics of the literary style. Although it is quite similar in its entirety, the song shares more characteristics with Regionalism, as opposed to Realism.

Wilhelm, Jeffrey D., Douglas Fisher, Beverly Ann. Chin, and Jacqueline Jones. Royster. Glencoe Literature. New York, NY: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.

The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro

"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro is a speech by Fredrick Douglass. This speech entails much of what other pieces would in this time period. Topics such as inequality and slavery are common among these. Douglass effectively uses his status as a basis for improvement. Much like other influential speakers at this time period, Douglass was African American (Douglass). This in itself, can be a strong characteristic of Realism. I say this because Douglass, as an African American, can find it quite difficult to obtain a successful audience who would take his ideals with recognition, praise, and action. He spoke to a white congregation, making this speech much more influential (Douglass). Its ability to retain much recognition can be due to the amount of questioning in relation to equality and slavery. Because slavery is a high morally questioning subject, various speakers did their best to establish a position or active duty in the abolition of slavery. The speech, addressed in 1852, during the Civil War, reflects this time period (Douglass). During this, much debate over slavery and equality determined the United States stature. This is yet another characteristic of Realism. With the amount of debate, death, and division in the United States, much Realism is placed upon Douglass and his speech. With Douglass' use of emotion and factual prominence, his speech was more effective and retain-able. Because of this, "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro" is yet another descriptive and effective examples of Realism.

Freedom is a well-deserved but earned privilege in the United States. The source of this earned privilege would be the one's who sacrificed themselves. The various political officials who determined the United State's political and economical basis would be strong sources of this freedom. Due to this, much respect must be directed toward these successful sources. July Fourth, an often joyous holiday, can be contradicting in itself (Douglass). Douglass feels that this holiday is driven upon hypocritical freedom (Douglass). The holiday celebrates equality, establishment, and freedom, yet it cannot be celebrated by all who inhabit the nation. Slavery, being as prominent as it was in this period, completely contradicted the holiday of July Fourth. It stifled many African American's lives and abilities to further grow and expand in the United States. Without the strong ability to grow in a developing society, one will lose their position and become a white-washed class. This is yet another contradiction which can correlate with the literary style, Realism. With Douglass' strong emotion and devotion toward the holiday and its falsified intentions, a large characteristic of Realism can be retained. The characteristic of factual content, false heroes, and contradicting subjects can determine and relate to this literary style. By allowing his personality to be reflected in this speech, Douglass effectively spoke about his response and connection with the holiday of Fourth of the July. By allowing this absolute connection, a significant historical piece was created. Douglass, much like other speakers on this subject, was completely aware of the inequality. He spoke for the masses who could not find a strong voice in the altering society. Much like others before him, Douglass wanted piece and equality. Due to this, his speech was effective and prominent in all of its entirety.

Douglass, Frederick. from "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro." Glencoe American Literature.comp. Wilhelm, Jeffery. McGraw Hill. Columbus, OH. 2009. pg 337.

Abraham Lincoln- "The Gettysburg Address" and "The Second Inaugural Address"

"The Gettysburg Address" is possibly one of the most significant speeches in American History, addressed by deserving president Abraham Lincoln. The speech adequately refers back to the developing nation; a nation which cracked under much pressure following its initial establishment. The nation, once deemed by absolute Democracy, had began to dilapidate as far a its political stance remains. The Founding Fathers believed in equality, liberty, and undeniable freedom. Because of this, support and pride in the United States reigned supreme. With Lincoln's ability to further improve the United States and its overall stance, social, economical, and political improvements were established. Lincoln began his significant speech with these words (Lincoln):

"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" (Lincoln)

Because of this adequate introduction, evidence based upon Lincoln's relation and belief that the United States was founded upon factual ideals and freedom is aroused. With this introduction, the audience may see support on the behalf of the Founding Fathers, who established much prominence with their undeniable contribution to the establishment of America.

In relation to Realism, "The Gettysburg Address" displays Lincoln's unbelievable respect toward the soldiers who fought for their freedom; freedom which was promised by the Founding Fathers. Lincoln brings about actuality in his speech, by describing those who lost their lives. Because of this, a Realist representation of this prominent speech is established. Future speeches may model themselves off this, addressed to the ones who could not share in the victory. Lincoln speaks about dedication in this address. "that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion" follows his description of dedication. With this quote, the audience may uncover a valiant, yet realist depiction of the war. "The Gettysburg Address" provides adequate proof of the effort placed upon the soldiers and political officials throughout the war. Without this successful display of nobility, a large piece of devotion would be missing in correlation with the idealistic split in the United States.

Because Abraham Lincoln was president in the time in which Realism was prevalent, the Second Inaugural Address allowed for a clear depiction of the literary writing style. Lincoln addressed his presidency with a simplistic style. Although he used much simplicity in his writing, his speech remained undeniably impacting when compared to contrasting speeches. Lincoln addresses his support of slavery in his piece (Lincoln). Slavery, being a factual and controversial topic in this period, allows the audience to gain a Realist perspective of the United States and the altering society. By placing these various topics in his piece, Lincoln effectively gained the support of many Americans. By gaining this support, Lincoln provided a basis for reconstruction in the United States. In correlation with this re constructive period, Lincoln was able to propose ideals that would coexist with the Founding Father's intentions.

When speaking about factual material and policies, Lincoln can be commended for his nobility. Lincoln retains much characteristics of a hero. Because of this, it can be insinuated that Lincoln is a noble war-time hero, using his logical military strategies and political approach to effectively obtain reconstruction and victory. A heroic quality correlates with a Realist approach to writing. Although Lincoln is a noble war-time hero, the soldiers who devoted their lives to freedom can also be commended for their nobility and heroic actions.


Lincoln, Abraham. from "Second Inaugural Address." Glencoe American Literature. comp. Wilhelm, Jeffery. McGraw Hill. Columbus, OH. 2009. pg 339.

Regionalism Defined

Regionalism determines a particular area, or region in which a writer is typically subject to. An author who often writes about Mississippi or the beach, is generally from this region; hence the term "Regionalism." Regionalism does not only reflect these particular areas in which the pieces are about, they describe factual or fictitious characters who inhabit these areas (Anderson, et al). With these characters, a more connected appeal is aroused (Anderson, et al). With this ability to closely relate the characters and setting in a story, an author can successfully obtain one's approval of the particular literary piece. This is yet another similar writing style with that of Realism. Because of this, more factual material can be adequately displayed within the piece.

Upon much recognition, an author who places factual characters among his or her's effective setting, can ultimately obtain a sufficient amount of success in relation to Regionalism. This is due to the local appeal that is retained through various Regionalism pieces. Authors such as William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, and Owen Wister are common examples of this literary usage (Anderson, et al). Although this can be effective in obtaining a supportive audience, one may be stifled by an author's inability to further expand on his or her genre. In an article by Abby Werlock, Regionalism is defined as "a literary subgenre that emphasizes the setting, history, speech, dialect, and customs of a particular geographical locale or area, not only for local color, but also for development of universal themes through the use of the local and particular" (Werlock). This is an adequate definition of the meaning and overall intention of Regionalism. Being a factual writing style, Werlock is sure to bring about the topic of expanding the "universal themes" among a region-generated piece (Werlock). This is due to an authors overall ability to further elaborate on the setting, expanding on the "universal theme." Among many characteristics in Regionalism, its manifest intention is to effectively display the setting and its prominence in a literary piece.

Anderson, George P., Judith S. Baughman, Matthew J. Bruccoli, and Carl Rollyson, eds."regionalism." Encyclopedia of American Literature: Into the Modern: 1896–1945, vol. 3, Revised Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= EAmL1330&SingleRecord=True (accessed February 15, 2011).

Werlock, Abby H. P. "regionalism." The Facts On File Companion to the American Short Story, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= Gamshrtsty0581&SingleRecord=True (accessed February 15, 2011).

Naturalism Defined

In Naturalism, much scientific exploration and theorizing is involved (Lipking). Various authors used the Naturalistic style to convey a scientific, yet methodical approach toward literature. In the article "Naturalism," by Lawrence Lipking, Naturalism is stated to retain an "attempt to apply scientific theory and methods to imaginative writing...in literature." This statement justifies the prominence of Scientific theorizing in the literary community. Naturalism writing has been most commonly used in novel and drama formats (Lipking). Being a style of Realism, Naturalism retains much similarities that Realist writers would use in their pieces. Although the style of writing coexists with its predecessor, Naturalism obtains the use of science and methodical theorizing.

Common in the 1800's and 1900's, Naturalism used common aspects of literature which were previously prominent (Lipking). The style of writing, accompanied by other varied formats, obtained the use of realistic structure. This realistic form of writing allowed for much factual material to be provided; material which only further conveys the altering time periods in literature. Realism entered the literary community with much force, predisposing future styles of writing; Naturalism being one of these. Naturalism, a specified type of Realism, justified initial intentions of its predecessor. The similar form of writing used science and factual reasoning to perceive and succeed in its goal. Much like that of a Realist piece, A Naturalistic piece allows for much recognition and literal agreement. Among many qualities, both styles of writing adequately display an unaccompanied perspective or angle toward the actuality of a literary piece.

Observation, being a common aspect of Realistic writing, is commonly used in a Naturalistic setting. Naturalists "believe that knowledge is acquired through the senses, and that the function of the writer is to report accurately what he or she observes" (Lipking). This is a prominent function of most Naturalism pieces, being that one is intended to observe and adequately display factual descriptions and events; allowing for little fictitious occurrences in a literary piece. In the above quote, the ability of a Naturalistic writer is through his or her "senses," which can again be claimed as retaining much support due to its undeniable actuality (Lipking). With this in mind, much of Naturalism can be effectively displayed in a Naturalistic piece, justifying any prominence between the previous literary style.

Lipking, Lawrence. "Naturalism." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.

Realism Denfined

Realism, a popular writing style used by various significant authors, determined a factual basis for writing. The style is said retain "nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material," as stated by William Dean Howells; a prominent author who often used the Realism writing formation (Barney). Following the Civil-War era, various authors began to use this modern style of writing (Barney). The style of writing could be a particular response to the new-found inspiration of factual material. Dialect, Local Color, and Pragmatism were common usages during this Realism time period (Barney). Because of this usage, successful writers obtained the use of actuality in their definitive writing style. This style embodied one's use of factual material and the differentiation of writing from a Romantic response to a particularly realistic approach (Barney).

With the contrasting usage in Realism, readers who are accustomed to the Romanticism style will be rightfully displeased by the unrelated dialect. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn display these common aspects of a factual-based writing style (Barney). The novel, written by Realist writer Mark Twain, represents heavy dialect in the "uneducated" protagonist, Huck Finn (Barney). Because of this source of realistic writing, one may see an eventful yet factual representation of a definitive character and his or her actual motives and actions. This is a common occurrence throughout the Realism period. Because of authors such as Twain and Howells, a supportive reader may discover an adequate display of the writing style (Barney).

Between 1865 and the 1890's, following the Civil-War era, Realism made its definitive approach in the literary community (Barney). Various authors believe that factual information was to be displayed, and that Romantic pieces, which retained much significance, display inappropriateness in the altering literary community (Barney). Multiple Realism pieces gained much success for the use of strong dialect and pragmatism. Because of this, a newly connected writing style was established, which defined the altering community in the time of Reconstruction. A time of actuality was needed and Realism provided this sufficiently.


Barney, Brett, and Lisa Paddock, eds. "realism." Encyclopedia of American Literature: The Age of Romanticism and Realism, 1816–1895, vol. 2, Revised Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54&SID=5&iPin= EAmL0738&SingleRecord=True (accessed January 27, 2011).

Journal #32: Memoir of Break

My break consisted of mainly working. I mean I got to hang out with my friends a bunch, which I am thankful for, but it mainly just consisted of me going to work and dealing with absolutely terrible people on a daily basis. I mean some customers are just unbelievably stupid sometimes. I cannot stand how one could not understand how to do anything right, and then blame their problems on me or possibly that of the company. It is not my fault that you did not receive your extremely discounted television. You did not wait in line long enough on Black Friday in order to obtain your expensive item, that is not my problem. Do not yell at me when I have only had an hour of sleep and am completely running on an energy drink and some coffee. My Christmas break just disappointed me. I realized I have a job now and cannot really enjoy things like I used to in the past. I now have to take full responsibility and do my job accordingly. I believe this experience allowed me to think of why I should quit the company and possibly move onto something that will treat me better and further display my personality. The negatives of my job greatly outweigh the positives, which only shows how much I truly hate it. I cannot stand commercials with it, I cannot stand people asking me why I was not working a certain day they come in. I mean come on? I obviously do not work every single day of my life. I went from working roughly 32 hours a week to 4.5. The paychecks are not terrible and I want to continue to find a way in which I can leave the company for good. I do not enjoy anything about it and I want out. I believe I truly realized this around Christmas break and that is why I am ranting on about this in this topic. It is not because I want to talk about it, its because I value independence and my job robs me of it. Thanks a bunch!

Journal #33: Originated in Springfield

Out of the various things that have come out of good ole' Springfield, perhaps the band Park is one of my favorites. Park consists of Springfield natives who just really enjoyed music. The originality of the band only further displays the brilliant music scene that Springfield had once had. A heavier band with catchy riffs and choruses, Park made a large impact on the music community. Once signed, Park faced more success. Although the band eventually resigned from the music industry, their music and inspiration continues to live on in Springfield, Illinois. Various artists have paid respect to the band for inspiring new musically challenging projects and successes. Recently, Park played another reunion show at the Hilton. As well as Park, the Graduate also toured, playing along side the inspirational band. The Graduate also originated in Springfield, Illinois. Unlike Park though, the Graduate was able to pick themselves back up after a collapsed label. Currently, the Graduate resides on Razor & Tie. Although I am truly inspired by the music scene in Springfield, I feel that it still have room for much more improvement. Recently, the music community in this area has began to loose its former luster. I believe a new improvement could be greatly appreciated for our music community.

Along with the music community in Springfield, Illinois, I must comment on Black Sheep Cafe. Located on the corner of South Grand and Eleventh, Black Sheep has been the home for many musically driven artists and fans. When Black Sheep had just began, budgets were small and conditions were not as adequate as the present day Black Sheep. Although the conditions were not as good, fans still saw their favorite local artists due to their strong devotion and support. The atmosphere of the venue further displays Black Sheep's impact on the music community. With the connection of loyal Black Sheep fans, the venue should remain standing for sometime longer; that is if the location is not contaminated by consolidation and greed.

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

Ambrose Bierce's An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge adequately displays Realism and the characteristics which determined a Realism piece. The piece begins with much detail. The protagonist is residing on the a railroad bridge in Alabama. This bridge will be the area where the protagonist is subjected to be hung. With this specific detail provided, one may obtain much similarities between Bierce's piece and that of a traditional Realism piece. The f actuality of the story is also a notable aspect of Bierce's work. Because the narrator of the story does not successfully obtain his intentions, the factual aspect of the story is further elaborated upon.

Much like Dark Romanticism, Realism relies on specific detail and imagery. Bierce retains the use of imagery in his piece often. Realism's ability to remain factual and appropriate to characters allows for further comparison to the writing style. Nature is a strong aspect of the Romanticism writing style. With that said, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge does not relate with nature as a primary source or characteristic. The story seems to retain more prominent sources such as people or factual event. The piece does not retain much fictitious material, which is much more common in a Romanticist piece. Because of this, readers can relate with the subject matter more than that of a Romanticism story. Many can compare Bierce to dark, yet acclaimed author, Edgar Allen Poe. The two authors contain similar writing styles. The strong use of imagery is a reliable source in which the two can be compared. Although they are similar in some aspects of writing, the subject matter is drastically contrasting between both authors. Bierce, which also heavily relies on imagery, obtains the use of flashforwards and factual subject matter (Bierce). Poe, along with his descriptive details, retains the use of spirituality and naturalistic aspects. With this said, many readers can determine a definitive difference between each style of writing. Various authors from each style have contrasting subject matter, because of this contrast, the line regarding Realism and Romanticism is set.

Protagonist, Fahrquhar, relies on his use of daydreaming and flashforwarding. Much like modern pieces, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge can definitively display the contrasting usage in a Realistic work. Throughout the passage, Fahrquhar uses his psychological connection in order to obtain success. Although he relies heavily on this, his intentions are inevitably unsuccessful; his rope does not break and therefore, his subjected consequence is obtained. Again, this yet another contrasting aspect of Realism. The psychological use is not as heavy in Realism, yet it is still prominent in the writing style. Because of this specific aspect from the passage, one may speculate that Bierce retained much connection with the use of time and flashfowards. The passage reflects the use of tangible events and objects rather than an unrealistically-based story, hence the title "Realism." Among these tangible objects or events, factual sites and locations or realistic characters may display Bierce's intended use (Bierce).

After much inspection with An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, a reader may gain a similar satisfaction that is received with Romanticism in a Realism piece. This is due to the Realistic writing style, which coincides with that of a Romanticist style. Although the styles are similar, one may gain more satisfaction with Realism due to its ability to further elaborate or grow on factual material. Bierce is successful in his attempt to coexist with other various Realism authors.

Bierce, Ambrose. "An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge, by Ambrose Bierce; II Page 1." Page By Page Books. Read Classic Books Online, Free. Web. 18 Jan. 2011. .

Journal #31: Daydreaming

I find myself daydreaming often. I daydream about random situations in which I can get myself out of. I often find myself dazing off or not paying attention to any action or dialogue thrown in my direction. It makes me feel bad at times, but there is nothing I can do about it because it is truly just my personality. Sometimes I wish I could quit my job and just obtain a large sum of money that is routinely given to me throughout my lifetime. Perhaps I can reach this by getting hit by a bus or car. This would be initially painful, but I always think about how life would be without the dreadful job in retail. So I continue to daydream about Best Buy rupturing into flames or receiving money from the government. Life would be brilliant. Outside of work, I often daydream about owning ridiculously cool cars that I can just drive all the time. Possibly supercars with extraordinary mechanics can one day be in my garage; this will sadly never happen because supercars are worth a ridiculous amount of money.

Sometimes I daydream about situations and how I would approach a particular situation. This seems to be common among all human beings, so I am not ashamed about it. Everyone has some kind of idea on how they will deal with some situation. I quite enjoy the idea of having things play out perfectly fine in your head, although you are quite disappointed when it does not in actuality. I guess I am a bit spacey but there really is not anything wrong with it. I could care less if I did or did not daydream. It is extremely common among most people, therefore I believe I should probably just embrace it. Most people tend to think of a situation in which they can successfully obtain positivity and effectiveness. Perhaps a situation in which one wins the lottery or asks out the girl of his dream. This would be pretty cool if your dreams could determine reality. Although I believe it would be cool, not everyone can receive every little object or idea that they initially wanted. Life is not really fair and if anyone wants to learn from their mistakes, they must mess up first.

Journal #30: Wearing a Uniform

I do not entirely agree with the idea of Pleasant Plains High School students wearing uniforms. It stifles one's individuality a bit and I feel that it is kind of unnecessary to have school uniforms. People do not abide the dress code all that they should but the facility will just run into the same problems if a uniform-based dress code was initiated. I believe it is almost pointless to try and change it from what it is currently. I also believe that less and less people are disobeying the dress code. The faculty has luckily backed down a bit with dress code but I believe they will usually try and find something that someone is not abiding by. It is almost as if they want someone to disobey that.
I do not think any school should entirely support uniforms. I believe everyone should be able to express their individuality and by initiating a dress code, students will not only resent this, they will also lose a sense of originality. I am also not supportive of the idea because I have to wear a uniform at my job, which also angers me. With my job though, I can understand the use of a uniform a bit more. Because of this, I am content with idea of wearing a uniform at my job. If not for this, customers would be unaware of my occupation and what I am intended to do. At school though, I cannot seem to find a definitive reason as to why I would possibly need a uniform. I do not enjoy wearing a uniform and therefore, I quite enjoy the opportunity to wear casual clothes during school and my free time. Also, I can see issues with laundry. When wearing regular clothes, one does not need to consistently worry about their clothes being washed because they do not have to wear the same things everyday. I just have no respect or support for the idea of a uniform in school. In fact, I pretty much hate the idea of it. I do not think any school should partake in a dress code consisting of uniforms.

Journal #29: Persuasion of the Purchase of an Album

Bright Eyes, a truly inspirational and lyrically inclined project-headed by Conor Oberst, allows for great motivation and inspiration among the indie community. In 2005, Oberst released his authentic and completely original album I'm Wide Awake, It's morning. The album, in its entirety, is unique, mixing melodic themes and folk-inspired backgrounds. Yet Oberst's lyrics and almost exotic vocals seem to make the album that much better. Oberst has been commended for his lyrical content. Part of Saddle Creek records, the label developed under Oberst and his brother, entails various groups established in the indie, indie-folk genre. These groups only further display the genre's new prominence in the contemporary music industry.
I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning, contains multiple songs which established much recognition. "Lua, The First Day of my Life, and At the Bottom of Everything" seem to be popular songs on the record. Along with Oberst's loyal fans, many critics have recognized the album. In an article containing the "Top 10 Indie Albums," I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning retained its place as a high number. This place displays many fans support and new found recognition with the group. Although the album has been highly commended, I believe it is only a catalyst to Oberst's music. Much like Radiohead's critically acclaimed album, The Bends, Bright Eye's album only creates a new-found interest in the musician's work. Fans will typically discover earlier albums by the musician. Putting this aspect aside, I believe the album is a definitive example of an effective indie-folk album. As Bright Eyes enters its final album, Oberst's career will only continue to grow due to his various side projects, which have gained much recognition as well. I believe Oberst's musical intentions have allowed him to create inspiring music. Not to positively comment on all of Oberst's interactions in the music industry, I feel that his intentions and successes completely define his career. He has sucessfully established a name in the underground scene and has yet to contaminate his music with greed and fame. Although he retreats from the mainstream music industry, I feel that his music still enthralls the genre, while not disassembling his name. Oberst, a true revivalist in the music industry, has picked a wonderful time to end the Bright Eyes name.